MRTG 系列 ：参数设定（下篇）
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Things to add to the bottom of the generated
HTML page. Note that you can have several lines of text as long as the first
column is empty. Note that the continuation lines will all end up
on the same line in the html page. If you want linebreaks in the generated html
use the '\n' sequence. The material will be added just before the
</BODY> tag: Example:
# 注释 ：PageFoot 和 PageTop 是相对的。就是在生成的HTML页面的底部添加一些信息，包括联系信息等等。 PageFoot[myrouter]: Contact
<A HREF="mailto:peter@x.yz">Peter</A> if you have questions regarding this
page # 注释 ：同样支持 ident ，和 \n
Use this tag like the PageTop header, but its contents will be added between </TITLE> and </HEAD>.
Example: AddHead[myrouter]: <link
rev="made" href="mailto:mrtg@blabla.edu">
BodyTag lets you supply your very own <body ...> tag for the generated webpages.
# 注释 ：BodyTag 可以定义一些 HTML BODY
方面的属性，例如背景颜色，背景图片等等。 Example: BodyTag[myrouter]:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="1" TOPMARGIN="1"
BACKGROUND="/stats/images/bg.neo2.gif">
If you are monitoring a link which can handle
more traffic than the MaxBytes value. Eg, a line which uses compression
or some frame relay link, you can use the AbsMax keyword to give the
absolute maximum value ever to be reached. We need to know this in order to sort
out unrealistic values returned by the routers. If you do not set AbsMax,
rateup will ignore values higher than
MaxBytes. Example:
AbsMax[myrouter]:
2500000
By default each graph is scaled vertically to
make the actual data visible even when it is much lower than MaxBytes.
With the Unscaled variable you can suppress this. It's argument is a
string, containing one letter for each graph you don't want to be scaled: d=day
w=week m=month y=year. There is also a special case to unset the variable
completely: n=none. This could be useful in the event you need to override a
global configuration. In the example scaling for the yearly and the monthly
graph are suppressed. Example:
# 注释 ：默认情况下，每个图片的Y轴都会自动调整刻度，使得即使 MRTG 采到的数据比 MaxBytes 小很多也能显示，
# 如果 Y 轴的最大值固定为 MaxBytes ，则某些较小的值将无法显示。
# 如果不想让 MRTG 自动调制 Y 轴，可以使用 Unscaled 选项。例如在查看某个接口的全年/全月的流量时，如果 Y 轴的刻度老是变化，不利于统计，所以必须固定Y轴的刻度
# MRTG 默认会为每个 Target 生成4个图片，分别是每天（d）、每周（w）、每月（m）、每年（y）。
# Unscaled 后面跟的就是单个的字母的组合，例如 Unscaled：dwmy 。
# 还有一个全部禁用的快捷的方法就是 ：Unscaled:
n=none Unscaled[myrouter]: ym
By default the graphs only contain the average
values of the monitored variables - normally the transfer rates for incoming and
outgoing traffic. The following option instructs mrtg to display the peak 5
minute values in the [w]eekly, [m]onthly and [y]early graph. In the example we
define the monthly and the yearly graph to contain peak as well as average
values. Examples:
# 注释 ：默认情况下，MRTG 生成的图片只包括当前流入/流出状态，平均值三个值。
# 可以通过 WithPeak 选项让 MRTG 为周图、月图、年图显示在过去5分钟内的最大值 WithPeak[myrouter]:
ym
By default mrtg produces 4 graphs. With this
option you can suppress the generation of selected graphs. The option value
syntax is analogous to the above two options. In this example we suppress the
yearly graph as it is quite empty in the
beginning. Example:
# 注释 ：默认情况下，MRTG 会产生4个图表，也就是每天（d）、每周(w)、每月（m）、每年（y）。
# Suppress 选项表示要禁止生成那张图表。
# 例如 Suppress[dns1.bob.com]: y 表示 Target
为 dns1.bob.com 的不生成年图 Suppress[myrouter]:
y
By default, mrtg creates .html files. Use this
option to tell mrtg to use a different extension. For example you could set the
extension to php3, then you will be able to enclose PHP tags into the output
(useful for getting a router name out of a
database). Example:
# 注释 ：默认情况下，MRTG 生成的页面都是 ".html" 的扩展名。
# Extension 选项告诉 MRTG 改用指定的扩展名
# 使用该选项主要是可以通过使用其他扩展名（例如 php）来在页面中嵌入其他脚本代码
Extension[myrouter]:
phtml
By default, mrtg puts all the files that it
generates for each target (the GIFs, the HTML page, the log file, etc.) in
WorkDir. If the Directory option is specified, the
files are instead put into a directory under WorkDir or Log-, Image- and
HtmlDir). (For example the Directory option below would cause all the
files for a target myrouter to be put into directory
/usr/tardis/pub/www/stats/mrtg/myrouter/ .) The directory must already exist; mrtg will not create it.
# 注释 ：默认情况下，MRTG 会把所有 Target 生成的页面，图片都放在 WorkDir 指定的目录下。
# 当 Target 数量一多的时候，WorkDir 下的内容就会非常杂乱。
# 可以为不同的 Target 指定不同的子目录，对应的页面和图片放在对应的目录下，这样就比较好了
# 注释 ：Directory 选项指定的目录是位于 WorkDir 下，必须先手工创建，MRTG 不会自动创建
Example: WorkDir:
/usr/tardis/pub/www/stats/mrtg Directory[myrouter]:
myrouter
NOTE: the Directory option must always be 'relative' or bad things will happen.
# 注释 ：Directory 选项后面的目录名必须是“相对路径”，不能是绝对路径
If the Directory option is specified, the
Clonedirectory option will copy all the contents of Directory to
the Clonedirectory. As well as the Directory option requires,
the clone directory must already exist; mrtg will not create
it. Example:
# 注释 ：如果设定了 Directory 选项，则 CloneDirectory 会把 Directory 指定的目录下面的内容全部拷贝到 Clonedirectory 指定的目录下
# 同样也需要先手工创建目录 WorkDir:
/usr/tardis/pub/www/stats/mrtg Directory[myrouter]:
myrouter Clonedirectory[myrouter]:
myclonedirectory
NOTE: the Clonedirectory option must always be 'relative' or bad things will happen.
By default mrtgs graphs are 100 by 400 pixels
wide (plus some more for the labels. In the example we get almost square graphs
... Note: XSize must be between 20 and 600; YSize
must be larger than 20 Example:
# 注释 ：默认情况下，MRTG 生成的图片都是 100*400 像素大小的，可以通过 XSize 和 YSize 来调整
# 要注意，XSize 必须是 20~ 600 ，YSize 必须是 >20 XSize[myrouter]:
300 YSize[myrouter]:
300
If you want your graphs to have larger pixels,
you can ``Zoom'' them. Example:
# 注释 ：假如想放大图片，可以使用 XZoom 和 YZoom
选项。 XZoom[myrouter]:
2.0 YZoom[myrouter]:
2.0
If you want your graphs to be actually scaled
use XScale and YScale. (Beware: while this works, the results look
ugly (to be frank) so if someone wants to fix this: patches are
welcome. Example: XScale[myrouter]:
1.5 YScale[myrouter]:
1.5
If you want to show more than 4 lines per graph,
use YTics. If you want to scale the value used for the YLegend of these tics,
use YTicsFactor. The default value for YTics is 4 and the default value for
YTicsFactor is 1.0 . Example:
# 注释 ：默认情况下 MRTG 生成的图表的 Y 轴只有4个刻度值，也就是分成4份。
# 如果要想分的更细，可以用 YTics 选项指定刻度的数量，例如 YTics:[dns1.bob.com]: 7
# 至于 YTicsFactor 则是用来调整 Y 轴上的刻度值的，例如 MaxBytes 为 700 ，YTics 为 7，则分别是 0，100，200，300，400，500，600，700
# 如果想 Y 轴显示为 0-7 ，则 YTicsFactor 设置为 0.01 ，则 Y 轴分别显示 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Suppose you get values ranging from 0 to 700. You want to plot 7 lines and want to show 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 instead of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700. You should write then: YTics[myrouter]:
7 YTicsFactor[myrouter]:
0.01
If you want to multiply all numbers shown below
the graph with a constant factor, use this directive to define it
.. Example:
Factor[as400]:
4096
Change the default step from 5 * 60 seconds to
something else (I have not tested this much
...) Step[myrouter]:
60
When using rateup for graph generation, this
will print the given title in the graph it
generates. Example:
# 注释 : PNGTitle 是用于 MRTG 在生成的图表上输出标题
PNGTitle[myrouter]:
WAN Link UK-US
The Options Keyword allows you to set some boolean switches:
# 注释 ：Options 允许对一些布尔型的选项进行设置 The graph grows to the left by default. This option flips the direction of growth causing the current time to be at the right edge of the graph and the history values to the left of it.
# 注释 ：默认情况下，MRTG 生成的图表是从右向左推进的（old --> new ），也就是过时的数据将逐渐消失在图表的左边
# 而 growright 选项则起到相反的作用，图表的更新是从左到右推进的 （old <-- new ），这样最新的数据就一直显示在图表的右边了 All the monitored variable values are multiplied by 8 (i.e. shown in bits instead of bytes) ... looks much more impressive :-) It also affects the 'factory default' labeling and units for the given target.
# 注释 ：bits 表示采用 bit 作为单位，而不是默认的 bytes 。所以显示出来的数值会比采用 bytes 的大7倍。 All the monitored variable values are multiplied by 60 (i.e. shown in units per minute instead of units per second) in case of small values more accurate graphs are displayed. It also affects the 'factory default' labeling and units for the given target.
# 注释 ：默认情况下，MRTG 会显示 xxx/秒，而 perminute 则显示为 xxx/分钟，所以显示出来的值为默认的60倍 All the monitored variable values are multiplied by 3600 (i.e. shown in units per hour instead of units per second) in case of small values more accurate graphs are displayed. It also affects the 'factory default' labeling and units for the given target.
# 注释 ：和 perminute 一样，perhour 将使显示的格式为 xxx/小时。
Suppress the information about uptime and device name in the generated webpage.
# 注释 ：noinfo 表示不对该 Target 输出 Uptime 和 Name 信息 nopercent Don't print usage percentages.
# 注释 ：nopercent 表示不显示百分比，默认 MRTG 会显示值为 MaxBytes 的百分之几
Make the background of the generated gifs transparent.
# 注释 ：transparent 表示生成的 PNG 图表的背景透明 integer Print summary lines below graph as integers without commas.
# 注释 ：integer 表示在图表的下面打印统计信息取整数，四舍五入。 The relative percentage of IN-traffic to OUT-traffic is calculated and displayed in the graph as an additional line. Note: Only a fixed scale is available (from 0 to 100%). Therefore if IN-traffic is greater than OUT-traffic then 100% is displayed. If you suspect that your IN-traffic is not always less than or equal to your OUT-traffic you are urged to not use this options. Note: If you use this option in combination with the Colours options, a fifth colour-name colour-value pair is required there.
# 注释 ：MRTG 只是在图表上绘出输入/出的图形，如果要准确的知道输入/出之间的比例，可以用 dorelpercent 。
# MRTG 会在图表下方增加第三行数据，表示两者的比例。
# 计算公式为 ： ((每秒流入量（单位 Bytes ）)/(每秒流出量（单位 Bytes ）))*100 avgpeak There are some ISPs who use the average Peak values to bill their customers. Using this option MRTG displays these values for each graph. The value is built by averaging the max 5 minute traffic average for each 'step' shown in the graph. For the Weekly graph this means that it builds the average of all 2 hour intervals 5 minute peak values. (Confused? Thought so!)
# 注释 ：avgpeak 表示显示1分钟平均值的峰值。做法就是从5分钟的平均值中找出最大的那个，除以5，得出1分钟内的最大平均值 Treat the values gathered from target as
'current status' measurements and not as ever incrementing counters. This would
be useful to monitor things like disk space, processor load, temperature, and
the like ... In the absence of 'gauge' or 'absolute' options, MRTG treats variables as a counters and calculates the difference between the current and the previous value and divides that by the elapsed time between the last two readings to get the value to be plotted.
# 注释 ：gauge 表示 Target 为 Gauge 类型，不是 counter
# 如果没有指定 "guage" 或者 "absolute" 选项时，MRTG 把 Target 当成 counter 型，并计算当前值和上一次的值的差值，除以两次 get 操作的相隔时间
# gauge 适用于磁盘空间、cpu 负荷、温度等对象的监测 This is for counter type data sources which reset their value when they are read. This means that rateup does not have to build the difference between the current and the last value read from the data source. The value obtained is still divided by the elapsed time between the current and the last reading, which makes it different from the 'gauge' option. Useful for external data gatherers.
# 注释 ：这种类型的 Target 在每次更新计数器时，都会先把计数器清零，再写入新的值。
# 也就是说，absolute 类型的 Target 在每个 interval 的 delta 都等于该计数器在该 interval 的值。
# MRTG 对于该类型的 Target 固定认为前一个 interval 的值是 0， 这样 （value2 -0）/ interval
# 也就是等于 value2/interval 了。
# 补充 ：RRDtool 中也有 counter、derive、absolute、gauge 4中类型的 DS
# 如果对 ifInOctets 这样的计数器使用 absolute ，图表上的值将不断增大，除非等到计数器复位为止。
# 补充 ：Counter 是 "累积型" 的对象，也就是只能增加，不能减少。达到 MaxBytes 后清0，适用于流量这类的对象
# 而 Gauge 是 "浮动型"
的对象，也就是说可以上下浮动，不要求对象的当前值比前一个值大，适用于 cpu 负荷、温度、磁盘空间利用，响应时间率这些非 ”累积型”
的对象 If you are using rrdtool as logger/grapher you can use a third type of data source. Derive is like counter, except that it is not required to go UP all the time. It is useful for situations where the change of some value should be graphed.
# 注释 ：derive 和 counter 很象。但 derive 允许 delta 为负数。如果某个 Target 的值有点类似正弦曲线，可以使用该项
Log unknown data as zero instead of the default behaviour of repeating the last value seen. Be careful with this, often a flat line in the graph is much more obvious than a line at 0.
# 注释 ：默认情况下，mrtg 对于那些超过最大值的值都忽略，并使用对应上一个 interval 的值。
# unknaszero 表示用 0 来代替上一个 interval 的值。
Normally we ignore all values which are zero when calculating the average transfer rate on a line. If this is not desirable use this option.
# 注释 ：通常在计算平均值时，会忽略所有值为0的行。 withzeros 表示包含这些值在内 If you are using rateup to log data, MRTG will create the graph images. Normally these images have a shaded border around them. If you do not want the border to be drawn, enable this option. This option has no effect if you are not using rateup.
# 注释 ：noborder 表示生成的图表不带边框
# 不过如果不使用 rateup
，则该选项无效 As with the option above, this effects rateup graph generation only. Normally rateup will generate graphs with a small arrow showing the direction of the data. If you do not want this arrow to be drawn, enable this option. This option has no effect if you are not using rateup.
# 注释 ：noarrow 表示生成的图表的 X 轴不带箭头。默认情况下会有一个箭头表示数据更新的方向（箭头所指的方向就是新的数据的位置）
# 同样如果不使用 rateup ，则该选项不起效果 When using rateup for graph generation, you can use this option to stop rateup drawing a graph for the 'I' or first variable. This also removes entries for this variable in the HTML page MRTG generates, and will remove the peaks for this variable if they are enabled. This allows you to hide this data, or can be very useful if you are only graphing one line of data rather than two. This option is not destructive - any data received for the the variable continued to be logged, it just isn't shown.
# 注释 ：我们知道 MRTG 画图需要两个数据，一个是 "输入" ，一个是 "输出" ,但很经常我们不需要用到两个数据，
# 也就是我们只需要画一根曲线就可以了。例如监测磁盘的利用率
# noi 就是表示 "noinput" 的意思，表示只显示第二条曲线，不显示第一条，也就是只显示 <oid_1>&<oid_2> 的第二个 oid
#
但第一个变量的数据仍然会收集，只不过不显示在图表上而已 Same as above, except relating to the 'O' or second variable.
# 注释 ：和 noi 相似，noo 表示不显示第二条曲线。 When using rateup for graph generation, this option disables MRTG adding the MRTG banner to the HTML pages it generates.
# 注释 ：当使用 ratup 画图时，nobanner 阻止 MRTG 生成 banner
When using rateup for graph generation, this option will stop MRTG from creating a legend at the bottom of the HTML pages it generates.
# 注释 ：当使用 ratup 画图时，nolegend 阻止 MRTG 生成 legnd ，也就是页面底部的一些说明信息，例如什么颜色的线代表什么含义
When using rateup for graph generation, this option will print the router name in the graph it generates. This option is overridden by the value of PNGTitle if one is given
When using rateup for graph generation, this option will print a timestamp in the graph it generates, including a timezone if one is specified by the 'Timezone' parameter.
# 注释 ：当使用 pngdate 选项时，MRTG 会在生成的图表上打印一个时间戳，包括时区
The logscale option causes rateup to
display the data with the Y axis scaled logarithmically. Doing so allows the
normal traffic to occupy the majority of the vertical range, while still showing
any spikes at their full height. logscale displays all the available data and will always produce well-behaved graphs. People often consider a logarithmically scaled graph counterintuitive, however, and thus hard to interpret. The expscale option causes rateup to
display the data with the Y axis scaled exponentially. Doing so emphasizes small
changes at the top of the scale; this can be useful when graphing values that
fluctuate by a small amount near the top of the scale, such as line voltage.
expscale is essentially the inverse of logscale. The secondmean option sets the maximum
value on the graph to the mean of the data greater than the mean of all data.
This produces a graph that focuses more on the typical data, while clipping
large peaks. Using secondmean will give a more
intutive linearly scaled graph, but can result in a uselessly high or low scale
in some rare situations (specifically, when the data includes a large portion of
values far from the actual mean) If a target includes both logscale and secondmean in the options, the secondmean takes precedence. Example: Options[myrouter]:
growright, bits
# 注释 ：到此所有 Options[ <target>]：的选项就结束了
# 下面是其他选项了，不再属于 Options[] 了
Use this option to change the multiplier value
for building prefixes. Defaultvalue is 1000. This tag is for the special case
that 1kB = 1024B, 1MB = 1024kB and so far. Example: kilo[myrouter]:
1024
# 注释 ：默认情况下，MRTG 中1KB=1000B，而不是 1024 ，如果要改变这个值，可以使用 kilo[<target>]: 1024
Change the default multiplier prefixes (,k,M,G,T,P). In the tag ShortLegend define only the basic units. Format: Comma seperated list of prefixed. Two consecutive commas or a comma at start or end of the line gives no prefix on this item. If you do not want prefixes, just put two consecutive commas. If you want to skip a magnitude select '-' as value. Example: velocity in nm/s (nanometers per second) displayed in nm/h. ShortLegend[myrouter]:
m/h kMG[myrouter]:
n,u,m,,k,M,G,T,P options[myrouter]:
perhour
The Colours tag allows you to override
the default colour scheme. Note: All 4 of the required colours must be specified
here. The colour name ('Colourx' below) is the legend name displayed, while the
RGB value is the real colour used for the display, both on the graph and in the
html doc. Format is: Col1#RRGGBB,Col2#RRGGBB,Col3#RRGGBB,Col4#RRGGBB Important: If you use the dorelpercent options tag a fifth colour name colour value pair is required: Col1#RRGGBB,Col2#RRGGBB,Col3#RRGGBB,Col4#RRGGBB,Col5#RRGGBB
# 注释 ：Colours 设置图表曲线的颜色。总共有4个需要设置，格式为
Colours[<target>]: Col1<#RRGGBB>,Col2<#RRGGBB>,Col3<#RRGGBB>,Col4<#RRGGBB>
First variable (normally Input) on default graph.
# 注释 ：输入曲线的颜色 Second variable (normally Output) on default graph.
# 注释
：输出曲线的颜色 Max first variable (input).
# 注释 ：最大输入曲线的颜色 Max second variable (output).
# 注释
：最大输出曲线的颜色 2 digit hex values for Red, Green and Blue.
# 注释 ：至于 <RRGGBB> 就是16进制格式的 RGB 值 Example: Colours[myrouter]:
GREEN#00eb0c,BLUE#1000ff,DARK
GREEN#006600,VIOLET#ff00ff
With the Background tag you can configure
the background colour of the generated HTML
page. Example:
# 注释 ：Backgound 设置底色。 Background[myrouter]:
#a0a0a0a
YLegend, ShortLegend,
Legend[1234] The following keywords allow you to override the text displayed for the various legends of the graph and in the HTML document:
# 注释 ：YLegend，ShortLegend ，Legend 允许修改图表的各个轴所显示的文字 The Y-axis label of the graph. Note that a text which is too long to fit in the graph will be silently ignored.
# 注释 ：YLegend 设置 Y 轴的说明文字。要注意不能太长，如果超过图片的大小限制，则会被忽略 The units string (default 'b/s') used for Max, Average and Current
# 注释 ：ShortLegend 设置 x 轴的单位，默认为 b/s The strings for the colour legend.
# 注释 ：Legend 设置其他的说明文字，可以设置的包括的有 ：
# -）Legend1：
# -）Legend2：
# -) Legend3：
# -）Legend4：
# -）LegendI：
# -）LegendO：
# 注释 ：Legne1 ~ Legen1 分别设置 HTML 页面底部那4种颜色的线的说明文字 # 不过 Legend3 和 Legend4 必须是启用了 avgpeak 后才有的两根线 Example: YLegend[myrouter]: Bits per
Second ShortLegend[myrouter]:
b/s Legend1[myrouter]: Incoming Traffic in Bits
per Second Legend2[myrouter]: Outgoing Traffic in Bits
per Second Legend3[myrouter]: Maximal 5 Minute Incoming
Traffic Legend4[myrouter]: Maximal 5 Minute Outgoing
Traffic LegendI[myrouter]:
In: LegendO[myrouter]:
Out:
Note, if LegendI or LegendO are set to an empty string with LegendO[myrouter]:
The corresponding line below the graph will not be printed at all.
# 注释 ：要注意，假如 LegendI 或者 LegendO 的值为空，则在图表下面的2行数据不会输出
If you live in an international world, you might
want to generate the graphs in different timezones. This is set in the TZ
variable. Under certain operating systems like Solaris, this will provoke the
localtime call to give the time in the selected
timezone. Example: Timezone[myrouter]:
Japan
The Timezone is the standard timezone of your
system, ie Japan, Hongkong, GMT, GMT+1 etc
etc.
By default,mrtg (actually rateup) uses the
strftime(3) '%V' option to format week numbers in the monthly graphs. The exact
semantics of this format option vary between systems. If you find that the week
numbers are wrong, and your system's strftime(3) routine supports it, you can
try another format option. The POSIX '%V' option correspond to the widely used
ISO 8601 week numbering standard. The week format
The UNIX version of rateup uses the libc
implementation of strftime. On Windows, the native strftime implementation does
not know about %V. So there we use a different implementation of strftime that
does support %V. Example: Weekformat[myrouter]:
W
This affects the creation of new rrd files. By
default rrds are created to hold about 1 day's worth of high resolution data.
(plus 1 week of 30 minute data, 2 months of 2 hour data and 2 years of 1 day
data). With this Keyword you can change the number of base interval entries
configured for new rrds as they get created. Note that you must take the
interval time into account. Example: RRDRowCount[myrouter]:
1600
This defines placement of the timestamp string
on the image. Possible values are RU, LU, RL, LL (which stand, respectively, for
RightUpper, LeftUpper, RightLower and LeftLower corner) and NO (for no
timestamp). By default, no timestamp is placed on the
image. Example:
# 注释 ：TimeStrPos 定义图表的时间戳的位置，可选的值有 RU、LU、RL、LL （右上、左上、右下、左下）四个位置，还有 NO TimeStrPos[myrouter]:
RU
Using this keyword you may specify format of the
timestamp to be placed on the image
# 注释 ：TimeStrFmt 用于定义图表上的时间戳的格式。
# 默认的格式是 "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M" ，也就是 "年-月-日 小时:分钟"
Example: TimeStrFmt[myrouter]:
%H:%M:%S |
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